RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Photocatalytic plant LPOR forms helical lattices that shape membranes for chlorophyll synthesis
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2020.08.19.257774
DO 10.1101/2020.08.19.257774
A1 Henry C. Nguyen
A1 Arthur A. Melo
A1 Jerzy Kruk
A1 Adam Frost
A1 Michal Gabruk
YR 2020
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/08/23/2020.08.19.257774.abstract
AB Chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis, crucial to life on Earth, is tightly regulated because its precursors are phototoxic1. In flowering plants, the enzyme Light-dependent Protochlorophyllide OxidoReductase (LPOR) captures photons to catalyze the penultimate reaction: the reduction of a double-bond within protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to generate chlorophyllide (Chlide)2,3. In darkness, LPOR oligomerizes to facilitate photon energy transfer and catalysis4,5. However, the complete 3D structure of LPOR, the higher-order architecture of LPOR oligomers, and the implications of these self-assembled states for catalysis, including how LPOR positions Pchlide and the cofactor NADPH, remain unknown. Here we report the atomic structure of LPOR assemblies by electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM). LPOR polymerizes with its substrates into helical filaments around constricted lipid bilayer tubes. Portions of LPOR and Pchlide insert into the outer membrane leaflet, targeting the product, Chlide, to the membrane for the final reaction site of chlorophyll biosynthesis. In addition to its crucial photocatalytic role, we show that in darkness LPOR filaments directly shape membranes into high-curvature tubules with the spectral properties of the prolammelar body, whose light-triggered disassembly provides lipids for thylakoid assembly. Our structure of the catalytic site, moreover, challenges previously proposed reaction mechanisms6. Together, our results reveal a new and unexpected synergy between photosynthetic membrane biogenesis and chlorophyll synthesis in plants orchestrated by LPOR.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.