PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Devon E. Pearse
AU  - Nicola J. Barson
AU  - Torfinn Nome
AU  - Guangtu Gao
AU  - Matthew A. Campbell
AU  - Alicia Abadía-Cardoso
AU  - Eric C. Anderson
AU  - David E. Rundio
AU  - Thomas H. Williams
AU  - Kerry A. Naish
AU  - Thomas Moen
AU  - Sixin Liu
AU  - Matthew Kent
AU  - David R. Minkley
AU  - Eric B. Rondeau
AU  - Marine S. O. Brieuc
AU  - Simen Rød Sandve
AU  - Michael R. Miller
AU  - Lucydalila Cedillo
AU  - Kobi Baruch
AU  - Alvaro G. Hernandez
AU  - Gil Ben-Zvi
AU  - Doron Shem-Tov
AU  - Omer Barad
AU  - Kirill Kuzishchin
AU  - John Carlos Garza
AU  - Steven T. Lindley
AU  - Ben F. Koop
AU  - Gary H. Thorgaard
AU  - Yniv Palti
AU  - Sigbjørn Lien
TI  - Sex-dependent dominance maintains migration supergene in rainbow trout
AID  - 10.1101/504621
DP  - 2018 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 504621
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/12/22/504621.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/12/22/504621.full
AB  - Traits with different fitness optima in males and females cause sexual conflict when they have a shared genetic basis. Heteromorphic sex chromosomes can resolve this conflict and protect sexually antagonistic polymorphisms but accumulate deleterious mutations. However, many taxa lack differentiated sex chromosomes, and how sexual conflict is resolved in these species is largely unknown. Here we present a chromosome-anchored genome assembly for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and characterize a 56 Mb double-inversion supergene that mediates sex-specific migration through sex-dependent dominance, a mechanism that reduces sexual conflict. The double-inversion contains key photosensory, circadian rhythm, adiposity, and sexual differentiation genes and displays frequency clines associated with latitude and temperature, revealing environmental dependence. Our results constitute the first example of sex-dependent dominance across a large autosomal supergene, a novel mechanism for sexual conflict resolution capable of protecting polygenic sexually antagonistic variation while avoiding the homozygous lethality and deleterious mutation load of heteromorphic sex chromosomes.