TY - JOUR T1 - Jumping back and forth: anthropozoonotic and zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/2020.09.01.277152 SP - 2020.09.01.277152 AU - Bas B. Oude Munnink AU - Reina S. Sikkema AU - David F. Nieuwenhuijse AU - Robert Jan Molenaar AU - Emmanuelle Munger AU - Richard Molenkamp AU - Arco van der Spek AU - Paulin Tolsma AU - Ariene Rietveld AU - Miranda Brouwer AU - Noortje Bouwmeester-Vincken AU - Frank Harders AU - Renate Hakze-van der Honing AU - Marjolein C.A. Wegdam-Blans AU - Ruth J. Bouwstra AU - Corine GeurtsvanKessel AU - Annemiek A. van der Eijk AU - Francisca C. Velkers AU - Lidwien A.M. Smit AU - Arjan Stegeman AU - Wim H.M. van der Poel AU - Marion P.G. Koopmans Y1 - 2020/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/09/01/2020.09.01.277152.abstract N2 - The zoonotic origin of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still unknown. Animal experiments have shown that non-human primates, cats, ferrets, hamsters, rabbits and bats can be infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in felids, mink and dogs in the field. Here, we describe an in-depth investigation of outbreaks on 16 mink farms and humans living or working on these farms, using whole genome sequencing. We conclude that the virus was initially introduced from humans and has evolved, most likely reflecting widespread circulation among mink in the beginning of the infection period several weeks prior to detection. At the moment, despite enhanced biosecurity, early warning surveillance and immediate culling of infected farms, there is ongoing transmission between mink farms with three big transmission clusters with unknown modes of transmission. We also describe the first animal to human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in mink farms.One sentence summary SARS-CoV-2 transmission on mink farms.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest. ER -