RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Secondary ossification center induces and protects growth plate structure
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 571612
DO 10.1101/571612
A1 Meng Xie
A1 Pavel Gol’din
A1 Anna Nele Herdina
A1 Jordi Estefa
A1 Ekaterina V Medvedeva
A1 Lei Li
A1 Phillip T Newton
A1 Svetlana Kotova
A1 Boris Shavkuta
A1 Aditya Saxena
A1 Lauren T Shumate
A1 Brian Metscher
A1 Karl Großschmidt
A1 Shigeki Nishimori
A1 Anastasia Akovantseva
A1 Anna P Usanova
A1 Anastasiia D Kurenkova
A1 Anoop Kumar
A1 Irene Linares Arregui
A1 Paul Tafforeau
A1 Kaj Fried
A1 Mattias Carlström
A1 Andras Simon
A1 Christian Gasser
A1 Henry M Kronenberg
A1 Murat Bastepe
A1 Kimberly L. Cooper
A1 Peter Timashev
A1 Sophie Sanchez
A1 Igor Adameyko
A1 Anders Eriksson
A1 Andrei S Chagin
YR 2020
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/09/01/571612.abstract
AB Growth plate and articular cartilage constitute a single anatomical entity early in development, but later separate into two distinct structures by the secondary ossification center (SOC). The reason for such separation remains unknown. We found that evolutionarily SOC appears in animals conquering the land - amniotes. Analysis of ossification pattern in mammals with specialized extremities (whales, bats, jerboa) revealed that SOC development correlates with the extent of mechanical loads. Mathematical modelling revealed that SOC reduces mechanical stress within the growth plate. Functional experiments revealed high vulnerability of hypertrophic chondrocytes to mechanical stress and showed that SOC protects these cells from apoptosis caused by extensive loading. Atomic force microscopy showed that hypertrophic chondrocytes are the least mechanically stiff cells within the growth plate. Altogether, these findings suggest that SOC has evolved to protect the hypertrophic chondrocytes from the high mechanical stress encountered in the terrestrial environment.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.