TY - JOUR T1 - The translatome of adult cortical axons is regulated by learning in vivo JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/502419 SP - 502419 AU - Linnaea E Ostroff AU - Emanuela Santini AU - Robert Sears AU - Zachary Deane AU - Joseph LeDoux AU - Tenzin Lhakhang AU - Aristotelis Tsirigos AU - Adriana Heguy AU - Eric Klann Y1 - 2019/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/01/04/502419.abstract N2 - Local translation can support memory consolidation by supplying new proteins to synapses undergoing plasticity. Translation in adult forebrain dendrites is an established mechanism of synaptic plasticity and is regulated by learning, yet there is no evidence for learning-regulated protein synthesis in adult forebrain axons, which have traditionally been believed to be incapable of translation. Here we show that axons in the adult rat amygdala contain translation machinery, and use translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) with RNASeq to identify mRNAs in cortical axons projecting to the amygdala, over 1200 of which were regulated during consolidation of associative memory. Mitochondrial and translation-related genes were upregulated, whereas synaptic, cytoskeletal, and myelin-related genes were downregulated; the opposite effects were observed in the cortex. Our results demonstrate that learning-regulated axonal translation occurs in the adult forebrain, and support the likelihood that local translation is more a rule than an exception in neuronal processes. ER -