RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Hundreds of yeast mRNAs form a separately addressable, translation elongation-controlled regulon JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 513705 DO 10.1101/513705 A1 Eleanna Kazana A1 Tobias von der Haar YR 2019 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/01/07/513705.abstract AB In addition to the widespread and well documented control of protein synthesis rates by translation initiation, recent evidence has suggested that translation elongation can also control protein synthesis rates. One of the proposed mechanisms leading to elongation control is the interference of slow ribosome movement around the start codon with efficient translation initiation. Here we estimate the frequency with which this mode of control occurs in baker’s yeast growing in rich medium. Genome-wide data reveal that transcripts from around 20% of yeast genes show evidence of queueing ribosomes, which we confirm experimentally to be indicative of translation elongation control. Moreover, this subset of transcripts is sensitive to distinct regulatory signals compared to initiation-controlled mRNAs, and we demonstrate that such distinct regulation occurs during the response to osmotic stress.