PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Chengdong Xu
AU  - Sneha P. Couvillion
AU  - Ryan L. Sontag
AU  - Nancy G. Isern
AU  - Yukari Maezato
AU  - Stephen R. Lindemann
AU  - Taniya Roy Chowdhury
AU  - Rui Zhao
AU  - Beau R. Morton
AU  - Ronald J. Moore
AU  - Janet K. Jansson
AU  - Vanessa L. Bailey
AU  - Paula J. Mouser
AU  - Margaret F. Romine
AU  - James F. Fredrickson
AU  - Thomas O. Metz
TI  - MetFish: A Metabolomics Platform for Studying Microbial Communities in Chemically Extreme Environments
AID  - 10.1101/518647
DP  - 2019 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 518647
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/01/11/518647.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/01/11/518647.full
AB  - Metabolites have essential roles in microbial communities, including as mediators of nutrient and energy exchange, cell-to-cell communication, and antibiosis. However, detecting and quantifying metabolites and other chemicals in samples having extremes in salt or mineral content using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based methods remains a significant challenge. Here we report a facile method based on in situ chemical derivatization followed by extraction for analysis of metabolites and other chemicals in hypersaline samples, enabling for the first time direct LC-MS-based exo-metabolomics analysis in sample matrices containing up to 2 molar total dissolved salts. The method, MetFish, is applicable to molecules containing amine, carboxylic acid, carbonyl, or hydroxyl functional groups, and can be integrated into either targeted or untargeted analysis pipelines. In targeted analyses, MetFish provided limits of quantification as low as 1 nM, broad linear dynamic ranges (up to 5-6 orders of magnitude) with excellent linearity, and low median inter-day reproducibility (e.g. 2.6%). MetFish was successfully applied in targeted and untargeted exo-metabolomics analyses of microbial consortia, quantifying amino acid dynamics in the exo-metabolome during community succession; in situ in a native prairie soil, whose exo-metabolome was isolated using a hypersaline extraction; and in input and produced fluids from a hydraulically fractured well, identifying dramatic changes in the exo-metabolome over time in the well.