RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Gut Microbiota-Targeted Diets Modulate Human Immune Status
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2020.09.30.321448
DO 10.1101/2020.09.30.321448
A1 Hannah C. Wastyk
A1 Gabriela K Fragiadakis
A1 Dalia Perelman
A1 Dylan Dahan
A1 Bryan D Merrill
A1 Feiqiao B. Yu
A1 Madeline Topf
A1 Carlos G. Gonzalez
A1 Jennifer L. Robinson
A1 Josh E. Elias
A1 Erica D. Sonnenburg
A1 Christopher D. Gardner
A1 Justin L. Sonnenburg
YR 2020
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/09/30/2020.09.30.321448.abstract
AB Diet modulates the gut microbiome, and gut microbes, in turn, can impact the immune system. Here, we used two gut microbiota-targeted dietary interventions, plant-based fiber or fermented foods, to determine how each influences the human microbiome and immune system in healthy adults. Using a 17-week randomized, prospective study design combined with -omics measurements of microbiome and host, including extensive immune profiling, we found distinct effects of each diet. High-fiber consumers showed increased gut microbiome-encoded glycan-degrading CAZymes despite stable community diversity. Three distinct immunological trajectories in high fiber-consumers corresponded to baseline microbiota diversity. Alternatively, the high-fermented food diet steadily increased microbiota diversity and decreased inflammatory markers. The data highlight how coupling dietary interventions to deep and longitudinal immune and microbiome profiling can provide individualized and population-wide insight. Our results indicate fermented foods may be valuable in countering the decreased microbiome diversity and increased inflammation pervasive in the industrialized society.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.