PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Wen-Biao Jiao
AU  - Vipul Patel
AU  - Jonas Klasen
AU  - Fang Liu
AU  - Petra Pecinkova
AU  - Marina Ferrand
AU  - Isabelle Gy
AU  - Christine Camilleri
AU  - Sigi Effgen
AU  - Maarten Koornneef
AU  - Ales Pecinka
AU  - Olivier Loudet
AU  - Korbinian Schneeberger
TI  - The evolutionary dynamics of genetic incompatibilities introduced by duplicated genes in &lt;em&gt;Arabidopsis thaliana&lt;/em&gt;
AID  - 10.1101/2020.09.21.306035
DP  - 2020 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2020.09.21.306035
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/10/02/2020.09.21.306035.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/10/02/2020.09.21.306035.full
AB  - Although gene duplications provide genetic backup and allow genomic changes under relaxed selection, they may potentially limit gene flow. When different copies of a duplicated gene are pseudo-functionalized in different genotypes, genetic incompatibilities can arise in their hybrid offspring. While such cases have been reported after manual crosses, it remains unclear whether they occur in nature and how they affect natural populations. Here we identified four duplicated-gene based incompatibilities including one previously not reported within an artificial Arabidopsis intercross population. Unexpectedly, however, for each of the genetic incompatibilities we also identified the incompatible alleles in natural populations based on the genomes of 1,135 Arabidopsis accessions published by the 1001 Genomes Project. Using the presence of incompatible allele combinations as phenotypes for GWAS, we mapped genomic regions which included additional gene copies which likely rescue the genetic incompatibility. Reconstructing the geographic origins and evolutionary trajectories of the individual alleles suggested that incompatible alleles frequently co-exist, even in geographically closed regions, and that their effects can be overcome by additional gene copies collectively shaping the evolutionary dynamics of duplicated genes during population history.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.