PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Lysanne Snijders
AU  - Stefan Krause
AU  - Alan N. Tump
AU  - Michael Breuker
AU  - Chente Ortiz
AU  - Sofia Rizzi
AU  - Indar W. Ramnarine
AU  - Jens Krause
AU  - Ralf H.J.M. Kurvers
TI  - Causal evidence for the adaptive benefits of social foraging in the wild
AID  - 10.1101/2020.08.17.254250
DP  - 2020 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2020.08.17.254250
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/10/07/2020.08.17.254250.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/10/07/2020.08.17.254250.full
AB  - Sociality is a fundamental organizing principle across taxa, thought to come with a suite of adaptive benefits. However, making causal inferences about these adaptive benefits requires experimental manipulation of the social environment, which is rarely feasible in the field. Here we manipulated the number of conspecifics in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in the wild, and quantified how this affected a key benefit of sociality, social foraging, by investigating several components of foraging success. As adaptive benefits of social foraging may differ between sexes, we studied males and females separately, expecting females, the more social and risk-averse sex, to benefit more from conspecifics than males. Conducting over 1,600 foraging trials, we found that in both sexes, increasing the number of conspecifics led to faster detection of novel food patches and a higher probability of feeding following detection of the patch, resulting in greater individual resource consumption. The slope of the latter relationship differed between the sexes, with males unexpectedly exhibiting a stronger social benefit. Our study provides rare causal evidence for the adaptive benefits of social foraging in the wild, and highlights that sex differences in sociality do not necessarily imply an unequal ability to profit from the presence of others.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.