PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Toni Klauschies
AU  - Ursula Gaedke
TI  - Predator-prey nutrient competition undermines predator coexistence
AID  - 10.1101/535195
DP  - 2019 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 535195
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/01/30/535195.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/01/30/535195.full
AB  - Contemporary theory of predator coexistence through relative non-linearity in their functional responses strongly relies on the Rosenzweig-MacArthur equations (1963) in which the (autotrophic) prey exhibits logistic growth in the absence of the predators. This implies that the prey is limited by a resource which availability is independent of the predators. This assumption does not hold under nutrient limitation where both prey and predators bind resources such as nitrogen or phosphorus in their biomass. Furthermore, the prey’s resource uptake-rate is assumed to be linear and the predator-prey system is considered to be closed. All these assumptions are unrealistic for many natural systems. Here, we show that predator coexistence on a single prey is strongly hampered when the prey and predators indirectly compete for the limiting resource in a flow-through system. In contrast, a non-linear resource uptake rate of the prey slightly promotes predator coexistence. Our study highlights that predator coexistence does not only depend on differences in the curvature of their functional responses but also on the type of resource constraining the growth of their prey. This has far-reaching consequences for the relative importance of fluctuation-dependent and -independent mechanisms of species coexistence in natural systems where autotrophs experience light or nutrient limitation.