PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Tess R Malcolm
AU  - Karolina W. Swiderska
AU  - Brooke K Hayes
AU  - Marcin Drag
AU  - Nyssa Drinkwater
AU  - Sheena McGowan
TI  - Mapping the substrate sequence and length of the <em>Plasmodium</em> M1 and M17 aminopeptidases
AID  - 10.1101/2020.10.13.338178
DP  - 2020 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2020.10.13.338178
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/10/13/2020.10.13.338178.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/10/13/2020.10.13.338178.full
AB  - During malarial infection, Plasmodium parasites digest human hemoglobin to obtain free amino acids for protein production and maintenance of osmotic pressure. The Plasmodium M1 and M17 aminopeptidases are both postulated to have an essential role in the terminal stages of the hemoglobin digestion process and are validated drug targets for the design of new dualtarget anti-malarial compounds. In this study, we profiled the substrate specificity fingerprints and kinetic behaviors of M1 and M17 aminopeptidases from Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, and the mouse model species, Plasmodium berghei. We found that although the Plasmodium M1 aminopeptidases share a largely similar, broad specificity at the P1 position, the P. falciparum M1 displays the greatest diversity in specificity and P. berghei M1 showing a preference for charged P1 residues. In contrast, the Plasmodium M17 aminopeptidases share a highly conserved preference for hydrophobic residues at the P1 position. The aminopeptidases also demonstrated intra-peptide sequence specificity, particularly the M1 aminopeptidases, which showed a definitive preference for peptides with fewer negatively charged intrapeptide residues. When tested with a panel of peptides of increasing length, each aminopeptidase exhibited unique catalytic behavioral responses to the increase in peptide length, although all six aminopeptidases exhibited an increase in cooperativity as peptide length increased. Overall the P. vivax and P. berghei enzymes were generally faster than the P. falciparum enzymes, which we postulate is due to subtle differences in structural dynamicity. Together, these results build a kinetic profile that allows us to better understand the catalytic nuances of the M1 and M17 aminopeptidases from different Plasmodium species.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.LAPLeucine AminopeptidaseACC7-amino-4-carbamoylmethylcoumarinNHMec7-amido-4-methyl-coumarinLeu-MecLeucine-7-amido-4-methyl-coumarin