PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ning Guo AU - Shenyun Wang AU - Lei Gao AU - Yongming Liu AU - Mengmeng Duan AU - Guixiang Wang AU - Jingjing Li AU - Meng Yang AU - Mei Zong AU - Shuo Han AU - Yanzheng Pei AU - Theo Borm AU - Honghe Sun AU - Liming Miao AU - Di Liu AU - Fangwei Yu AU - Wei Zhang AU - Heliang Ji AU - Chaohui Zhu AU - Yong Xu AU - Guusje Bonnema AU - Jianbin Li AU - Zhangjun Fei AU - Fan Liu TI - Genome sequencing sheds light on the contribution of structural variants to <em>Brassica oleracea</em> diversification AID - 10.1101/2020.10.15.340224 DP - 2020 Jan 01 TA - bioRxiv PG - 2020.10.15.340224 4099 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/10/15/2020.10.15.340224.short 4100 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/10/15/2020.10.15.340224.full AB - Brassica oleracea includes several morphologically diverse, economically important vegetable crops. Here we present high-quality chromosome-scale genome assemblies for two B. oleracea morphotypes, cauliflower and cabbage. Direct comparison of these two assemblies identifies ~120 K high-confidence structural variants (SVs). Population analysis of 271 B. oleracea accessions using these SVs clearly separates different morphotypes, suggesting the association of SVs with B. oleracea intraspecific divergence. Genes affected by SVs selected between cauliflower and cabbage are enriched with functions related to response to stress and stimulus and meristem and flower development. Furthermore, genes affected by selected SVs and involved in the switch from vegetative to generative growth that defines curd initiation, inflorescence meristem proliferation for curd formation, maintenance and enlargement, are identified, providing insights into the regulatory network of curd development. This study reveals the important roles of SVs in diversification of different morphotypes of B. oleracea, and the newly assembled genomes and the SVs provide rich resources for future research and breeding.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.