RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 The effect of functionally-guided-connectivity-based rTMS on amygdala activation
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2020.10.13.338483
DO 10.1101/2020.10.13.338483
A1 L. Beynel
A1 E. Campbell
A1 M. Naclerio
A1 J.T. Galla
A1 A. Ghosal
A1 A.M Michael
A1 N.A. Kimbrel
A1 S.W. Davis
A1 L.G. Appelbaum
YR 2020
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/10/16/2020.10.13.338483.abstract
AB Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has fundamentally transformed how we treat psychiatric disorders, but is still in need of innovation to optimally correct dysregulation that occurs throughout the fronto-limbic network. rTMS is often applied over the prefrontal cortex, a central node in this network, but less attention is given to subcortical areas because they lie at depths beyond the electric field penetration of rTMS. Recent studies have demonstrated that the effectiveness of rTMS is dependent on the functional connectivity between deep subcortical areas and superficial targets, indicating that leveraging such connectivity may improve dosing approaches for rTMS interventions. The current preliminary study, therefore, sought to test whether task-related, fMRI-connectivity-based rTMS could be used to modulate amygdala activation through its connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). For this purpose, fMRI was collected on participants to identify a node in the mPFC that showed the strongest negative connectivity with right amygdala, as defined by psychophysiological interaction analysis. To promote long-lasting Hebbian-like effects, and potentially stronger modulation, 5Hz rTMS was then applied to this target as participants viewed frightening video-clips that engaged the fronto-limbic network. Post-rTMS fMRI results revealed promising increases in both the left mPFC and right amygdala, for active rTMS compared to sham. While these modulatory findings are promising, they differ from the a priori expectation that excitatory 5Hz rTMS over a negatively connected node would reduce amygdala activity. As such, further research is needed to better understand how connectivity influences TMS effects on distal structures, and to leverage this information to improve therapeutic applications.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.