PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Gokhale, Chaitanya S.
AU  - Giaimo, Stefano
AU  - Remigi, Philippe
TI  - Memory shapes microbial populations
AID  - 10.1101/2020.11.05.370106
DP  - 2020 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2020.11.05.370106
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/11/05/2020.11.05.370106.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/11/05/2020.11.05.370106.full
AB  - Correct decision making is fundamental for all living organisms to thrive under environmental changes. The patterns of environmental variation and the quality of available information define the most favourable strategy among multiple options, including sensing and reacting to environmental cues or randomly adopting a phenotypic state. Memory – a phenomenon often associated with, but not restricted to, higher multicellular organisms – can help when temporal correlations exist. How does memory manifest itself in unicellular organisms? Through a combination of deterministic modelling and stochastic simulations, we describe the population-wide fitness consequences of phenotypic memory in microbial populations. Moving beyond binary switching models, our work highlights the need to consider a broader range of switching behaviours when describing microbial adaptive strategies. We show that multiple cellular states capture the empirical observations of lag time distributions, overshoots, and ultimately the phenomenon of phenotypic heterogeneity. We emphasise the implications of our work in understanding antibiotic tolerance, and, in general, survival under fluctuating environments.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.