RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 precisionFDA Truth Challenge V2: Calling variants from short- and long-reads in difficult-to-map regions JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2020.11.13.380741 DO 10.1101/2020.11.13.380741 A1 Nathan D. Olson A1 Justin Wagner A1 Jennifer McDaniel A1 Sarah H. Stephens A1 Samuel T. Westreich A1 Anish G. Prasanna A1 Elaine Johanson A1 Emily Boja A1 Ezekiel J. Maier A1 Omar Serang A1 David Jáspez A1 José M. Lorenzo-Salazar A1 Adrián Muñoz-Barrera A1 Luis A. Rubio-Rodríguez A1 Carlos Flores A1 Konstantinos Kyriakidis A1 Andigoni Malousi A1 Kishwar Shafin A1 Trevor Pesout A1 Miten Jain A1 Benedict Paten A1 Pi-Chuan Chang A1 Alexey Kolesnikov A1 Maria Nattestad A1 Gunjan Baid A1 Sidharth Goel A1 Howard Yang A1 Andrew Carroll A1 Robert Eveleigh A1 Mathieu Bourgey A1 Guillaume Bourque A1 Gen Li A1 MA ChouXian A1 LinQi Tang A1 DU YuanPing A1 ShaoWei Zhang A1 Jordi Morata A1 Raúl Tonda A1 Genís Parra A1 Jean-Rémi Trotta A1 Christian Brueffer A1 Sinem Demirkaya-Budak A1 Duygu Kabakci-Zorlu A1 Deniz Turgut A1 Özem Kalay A1 Gungor Budak A1 Kübra Narcı A1 Elif Arslan A1 Richard Brown A1 Ivan J Johnson A1 Alexey Dolgoborodov A1 Vladimir Semenyuk A1 Amit Jain A1 H. Serhat Tetikol A1 Varun Jain A1 Mike Ruehle A1 Bryan Lajoie A1 Cooper Roddey A1 Severine Catreux A1 Rami Mehio A1 Umair Ahsan A1 Qian Liu A1 Kai Wang A1 Sayed Mohammad Ebrahim Sahraeian A1 Li Tai Fang A1 Marghoob Mohiyuddin A1 Calvin Hung A1 Chirag Jain A1 Hanying Feng A1 Zhipan Li A1 Luoqi Che A1 Fritz J. Sedlazeck A1 Justin M. Zook YR 2020 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/11/15/2020.11.13.380741.abstract AB The precisionFDA Truth Challenge V2 aimed to assess the state-of-the-art of variant calling in difficult-to-map regions and the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Starting with FASTQ files, 20 challenge participants applied their variant calling pipelines and submitted 64 variant callsets for one or more sequencing technologies (~35X Illumina, ~35X PacBio HiFi, and ~50X Oxford Nanopore Technologies). Submissions were evaluated following best practices for benchmarking small variants with the new GIAB benchmark sets and genome stratifications. Challenge submissions included a number of innovative methods for all three technologies, with graph-based and machine-learning methods scoring best for short-read and long-read datasets, respectively. New methods out-performed the 2016 Truth Challenge winners, and new machine-learning approaches combining multiple sequencing technologies performed particularly well. Recent developments in sequencing and variant calling have enabled benchmarking variants in challenging genomic regions, paving the way for the identification of previously unknown clinically relevant variants.Competing Interest StatementC.B. is an employee and shareholder of SAGA Diagnostics AB. A.C., P.C., A.K., M.N., G.B., S.G., and H.Y. are employees of Google and A.C. is a shareholder S.D., D.K., D.T., O.K., G.B., K.N., E.A., R.B., I.J.J., A.D., V.S., A.J., and H.S.T. are employees of Seven Bridges Genomics O.S. and S.T.W. are employees of DNAnexus G.L, C.M, L.T., Y.D., and S.Z. are employees of Genetalks V.J., M.R., B.L., C.R, S.C., and R.M are employees of Illumina S.M, and M.M. are employees of Roche C.H. is an employee of Wasai Technology H.F., Z.L, and L.C. are employees of Sentieon Inc.