RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 precisionFDA Truth Challenge V2: Calling variants from short- and long-reads in difficult-to-map regions JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2020.11.13.380741 DO 10.1101/2020.11.13.380741 A1 Olson, Nathan D. A1 Wagner, Justin A1 McDaniel, Jennifer A1 Stephens, Sarah H. A1 Westreich, Samuel T. A1 Prasanna, Anish G. A1 Johanson, Elaine A1 Boja, Emily A1 Maier, Ezekiel J. A1 Serang, Omar A1 Jáspez, David A1 Lorenzo-Salazar, José M. A1 Muñoz-Barrera, Adrián A1 Rubio-Rodríguez, Luis A. A1 Flores, Carlos A1 Kyriakidis, Konstantinos A1 Malousi, Andigoni A1 Shafin, Kishwar A1 Pesout, Trevor A1 Jain, Miten A1 Paten, Benedict A1 Chang, Pi-Chuan A1 Kolesnikov, Alexey A1 Nattestad, Maria A1 Baid, Gunjan A1 Goel, Sidharth A1 Yang, Howard A1 Carroll, Andrew A1 Eveleigh, Robert A1 Bourgey, Mathieu A1 Bourque, Guillaume A1 Li, Gen A1 ChouXian, MA A1 Tang, LinQi A1 YuanPing, DU A1 Zhang, ShaoWei A1 Morata, Jordi A1 Tonda, Raúl A1 Parra, Genís A1 Trotta, Jean-Rémi A1 Brueffer, Christian A1 Demirkaya-Budak, Sinem A1 Kabakci-Zorlu, Duygu A1 Turgut, Deniz A1 Kalay, Özem A1 Budak, Gungor A1 Narcı, Kübra A1 Arslan, Elif A1 Brown, Richard A1 Johnson, Ivan J A1 Dolgoborodov, Alexey A1 Semenyuk, Vladimir A1 Jain, Amit A1 Tetikol, H. Serhat A1 Jain, Varun A1 Ruehle, Mike A1 Lajoie, Bryan A1 Roddey, Cooper A1 Catreux, Severine A1 Mehio, Rami A1 Ahsan, Umair A1 Liu, Qian A1 Wang, Kai A1 Sahraeian, Sayed Mohammad Ebrahim A1 Fang, Li Tai A1 Mohiyuddin, Marghoob A1 Hung, Calvin A1 Jain, Chirag A1 Feng, Hanying A1 Li, Zhipan A1 Chen, Luoqi A1 Sedlazeck, Fritz J. A1 Zook, Justin M. YR 2020 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/11/19/2020.11.13.380741.abstract AB The precisionFDA Truth Challenge V2 aimed to assess the state-of-the-art of variant calling in difficult-to-map regions and the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Starting with FASTQ files, 20 challenge participants applied their variant calling pipelines and submitted 64 variant callsets for one or more sequencing technologies (~35X Illumina, ~35X PacBio HiFi, and ~50X Oxford Nanopore Technologies). Submissions were evaluated following best practices for benchmarking small variants with the new GIAB benchmark sets and genome stratifications. Challenge submissions included a number of innovative methods for all three technologies, with graph-based and machine-learning methods scoring best for short-read and long-read datasets, respectively. New methods out-performed the 2016 Truth Challenge winners, and new machine-learning approaches combining multiple sequencing technologies performed particularly well. Recent developments in sequencing and variant calling have enabled benchmarking variants in challenging genomic regions, paving the way for the identification of previously unknown clinically relevant variants.Competing Interest StatementC.B. is an employee and shareholder of SAGA Diagnostics AB. A.C., P.C., A.K., M.N., G.B., S.G., and H.Y. are employees of Google and A.C. is a shareholder. S.D., D.K., D.T., O.K., G.B., K.N., E.A., R.B., I.J.J., A.D., V.S., A.J., and H.S.T. are employees of Seven Bridges Genomics. O.S. and S.T.W. are employees of DNAnexus. G.L, C.M, L.T., Y.D., and S.Z. are employees of Genetalks. V.J., M.R., B.L., C.R, S.C., and R.M are employees of Illumina. S.M.E.S., and M.M. are employees of Roche. C.H. is an employee of Wasai Technology. H.F., Z.L, and L.C. are employees of Sentieon Inc.