PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Torabi, Reza
AU  - Jenkins, Serena
AU  - Harker, Allonna
AU  - Whishaw, Ian Q.
AU  - Gibb, Robbin
AU  - Luczak, Artur
TI  - Application of deep neural network reveals novel effects of maternal pre-conception exposure to nicotine on rat pup behavior
AID  - 10.1101/2020.07.16.206961
DP  - 2020 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2020.07.16.206961
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/12/15/2020.07.16.206961.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/12/15/2020.07.16.206961.full
AB  - We present a deep neural network for data-driven analyses of infant rat behavior in an open field task. The network was applied to study the effect of maternal nicotine exposure prior to conception on offspring motor development. The neural network outperformed human expert designed animal locomotion measures in distinguishing rat pups born to nicotine exposed dams versus control dams. Notably, the network discovered novel movement alterations in posture, movement initiation and a stereotypy in “warm-up” behavior (the initiation of movement along specific dimensions) that were predictive of nicotine exposure. The results suggest that maternal preconception nicotine exposure delays and alters offspring motor development. In summary, we demonstrated that a deep neural network can automatically assess animal behavior with high accuracy, and that it offers a data-driven approach to investigating pharmacological effects on brain development.Significance Relating neuronal activity to behavior is crucial to understand brain function. Despite the staggering progress in monitoring brain activity, behavioral analyses still do not differ much from methods developed 30-50 years ago. The reason for that is the difficulty for automated video analyses to detect small differences in complex movements. Here we show that applying deep neuronal networks for automated video analyses can help to solve this problem. More importantly, knowledge extracted from the network allowed to identify subtle changes in multiple behavioral components, which were caused by maternal preconception nicotine exposure in rat pups. Thus, the examples presented here show how neuronal networks can guide the development of more accurate behavioral tests to assess symptoms of neurological disorders.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.MPNEmaternal preconception nicotine exposure