RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 The energetic basis for smooth human arm movements
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2020.12.28.424067
DO 10.1101/2020.12.28.424067
A1 Wong, Jeremy D
A1 Cluff, Tyler
A1 Kuo, Arthur D
YR 2020
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/12/29/2020.12.28.424067.abstract
AB The central nervous system plans human reaching movements with stereotypically smooth kinematic trajectories and fairly consistent durations. Smoothness seems to be explained by accuracy as a primary movement objective, whereas duration seems to avoid excess energy expenditure. But energy does not explain smoothness, so that two aspects of the same movement are governed by seemingly incompatible objectives. Here we show that smoothness is actually economical, because humans expend more metabolic energy for jerkier motions. The proposed mechanism is an underappreciated cost proportional to the rate of muscle force production, for calcium transport to activate muscle. We experimentally tested that energy cost in humans (N=10) performing bimanual reaches cyclically. The empirical cost was then demonstrated to predict smooth, discrete reaches, previously attributed to accuracy alone. A mechanistic, physiologically measurable, energy cost may therefore unify smoothness and duration, and help resolve motor redundancy in reaching movements.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.