RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 All-optical electrophysiology in hiPSC-derived neurons with synthetic voltage sensors JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2021.01.18.427081 DO 10.1101/2021.01.18.427081 A1 Francesca Puppo A1 Sanaz Sadegh A1 Cleber A. Trujillo A1 Martin Thunemann A1 Evan Campbell A1 Matthieu Vandenberghe A1 Xiwei Shan A1 Ibrahim A Akkouh A1 Evan W. Miller A1 Brenda L. Bloodgood A1 Gabriel A. Silva A1 Anders M. Dale A1 Gaute T. Einevoll A1 Srdjan Djurovic A1 Ole A. Andreassen A1 Alysson R. Muotri A1 Anna Devor YR 2021 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/01/19/2021.01.18.427081.abstract AB Voltage imaging and “all-optical electrophysiology” in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons have opened unprecedented opportunities for high-throughput phenotyping of activity in neurons possessing unique genetic backgrounds of individual patients. While prior all-optical electrophysiology studies relied on genetically encoded voltage indicators, viral transduction of human neurons with large or multiple expression vectors can impact cell function and often lead to massive cell death. Here, we demonstrate an alternative protocol using a synthetic voltage sensor and genetically encoded optogenetic actuator that generate robust and reproducible results. We demonstrate the functionality of this method by measuring spontaneous and evoked activity in three independent hiPSC-derived neuronal cell lines with distinct genetic backgrounds.