PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Sathish Paramasivan
AU  - Ahmed Bassiouni
AU  - Arron Shiffer
AU  - Matthew R Dillon
AU  - Emily Cope
AU  - Clare Cooksley
AU  - Mohammad Javed Ali
AU  - Benjamin Bleier
AU  - Claudio Callejas
AU  - Marjolein E Cornet
AU  - Richard G Douglas
AU  - Daniel Dutra
AU  - Christos Georgalas
AU  - Richard J Harvey
AU  - Peter H Hwang
AU  - Amber U Luong
AU  - Rodney J Schlosser
AU  - Pongsakorn Tantilipikorn
AU  - Marc A Tewfik
AU  - Sarah Vreugde
AU  - Peter-John Wormald
AU  - J Gregory Caporaso
AU  - Alkis J Psaltis
TI  - The international sinonasal microbiome study (ISMS): a multi-centre, international characterization of sinonasal bacterial ecology
AID  - 10.1101/548743
DP  - 2019 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 548743
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/02/13/548743.1.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/02/13/548743.1.full
AB  - The sinonasal microbiome remains poorly defined, with our current knowledge based on a few cohort studies whose findings are inconsistent. Furthermore, the variability of the sinus microbiome across geographical divides remains unexplored. We characterise the sinonasal microbiome and its geographical variations in both health and disease using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 410 individuals from across the world. Although the sinus microbial ecology is highly variable between individuals, we identify a core microbiome comprised of Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, and Moraxella species in both healthy and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) cohorts. Corynebacterium (mean relative abundance = 44.02%) and Staphylococcus (mean relative abundance = 27.34%) appear particularly dominant in the majority of patients sampled. There was a significant variation in microbial diversity between countries (p = 0.001). Amongst patients suffering from CRS with nasal polyps, a significant depletion of Corynebacterium (40.29% vs 50.43%; p = 0.02) and over-representation of Streptococcus (7.21% vs 2.73%; p = 0.032) was identified. The delineation of the sinonasal microbiome and standardised methodology described within our study will enable further characterisation and translational application of the sinus microbiota.NGSNext-generation sequencingCRSchronic rhinosinusitisCRSsNPchronic rhinosinusitis sans nasal polypsCRSwNPchronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polypsFunding information, Disclosures and Conflicts of Interest (COI) Mohammad Javed Ali:Receives royalties from Springer for his treatise “Principles and Practice of Lacrimal Surgery” and “Atlas of Lacrimal Drainage Disorders”.No conflict of interest relevant to this study.Ahmed Bassiouni, Clare Cooksley:No conflict of interest to declare.Benjamin Bleier:Grant Funding: R01 NS108968-01 NIH/NINDS (Bleier PI) – This isn’t relevant to this study. Consultant for: Gyrus ACMI Olympus, Canon, Karl Storz, Medtronic, and Sinopsys.Equity: Cerebent, Inc, Arrinex. COI: None relevant to this study.Claudio Callejas:No conflict of interest to declare.J Gregory Caporaso, Matthew R Dillon, Arron Shiffer:No conflicts of interest to declare. This work was funded in part by National Science Foundation Award 1565100 to JGC.Emily Cope:Financial information: This work was partially funded under the State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund (TRIF), administered by the Arizona Board of Regents, through Northern Arizona University.No relevant disclosures or COI.Marjolein E Cornet:No financial relationships or sponsors. No conflicts of interests.Richard G Douglas:Received consultancy fees from Lyra Therapeutics and is a consultant for Medtronic. These are not relevant to this study.Daniel Dutra:No conflict of interest to declare.Richard J Harvey:Consultant with Medtronic, Olympus and NeilMed pharmaceuticals. He has also been on the speakers’ bureau for Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Seqiris and Astra-Zeneca.No direct conflict of interest to declare.Peter H Hwang:Financial Relationships: Consultancies with Arrinex, Bioinspire, Canon, Lyra Therapeutics, Medtronic, Tivic.Conflicts of Interest: None.Amber U Luong:Serves as a consultant for Aerin Medical (Sunnyvale, CA), Arrinex (Redwood City, CA), Lyra Therapeutics (Watertown, MA), and Stryker (Kalamazoo, MI) and is on the advisory board for ENTvantage (Austin, TX).Her department receives funding from Genetech/Roche (San Francisco, CA) and AstraZeneca (Cambridge, England).No COI to declare related to this study.Sathish Paramasivan:Supported by a Garnett Passe and Rodney Williams Memorial Foundation Academic Surgeon Scientist Research Scholarship.No conflicts of interest to declare.Alkis J Psaltis:Consultant for Aerin Devices and ENT technologies and is on the speakers’ bureau for Smith and Nephew. Received consultancy fees from Lyra Therapeutics. These are not relevant to this study.Rodney J Schlosser:Grant support from OptiNose, Entellus, and IntersectENT (not relevant to this study). Consultant for Olympus, Meda, and Arrinex (not relevant to this study).Pongsakorn Tantilipikorn:No financial disclosures or conflict of interest.Marc A Tewfik:Principal Investigator: Sanofi, Roche/Genentech, AstraZeneca.Speaker/Consultant: Stryker, Ondine Biomedical, Novartis, MEDA, Mylan.Royalties for book sales: Thieme.Sarah Vreugde:No conflicts of interest relevant to this study.Peter-John Wormald:Receives royalties from Medtronic, Integra, and Scopis, and is a consultant for NeilMed. These are not relevant to this study.