RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 PARAMO pipeline: reconstructing ancestral anatomies using ontologies and stochastic mapping JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 553370 DO 10.1101/553370 A1 Sergei Tarasov A1 István Mikó A1 Matthew Jon Yoder A1 Josef C. Uyeda YR 2019 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/02/18/553370.abstract AB Comparative phylogenetics has been largely lacking a method for reconstructing the evolution of phenotypic entities that consist of ensembles of multiple discrete traits – entire organismal anatomies or organismal body regions. In this study, we provide a new approach named PARAMO (Phylogenetic Ancestral Reconstruction of Anatomy by Mapping Ontologies) that appropriately models anatomical dependencies and uses ontology-informed amalgamation of stochastic maps to reconstruct phenotypic evolution at different levels of anatomical hierarchy including entire phenotypes. This approach provides new opportunities for tracking phenotypic radiations and evolution of organismal anatomies.