RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Single cell transcriptome mapping identifies a local innate B cell population driving local antibody production and chronic rejection after lung transplantation
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2021.02.16.431278
DO 10.1101/2021.02.16.431278
A1 Natalia F. Smirnova
A1 Kent Riemondy
A1 Susan Collins
A1 Kapil N. Patel
A1 Carlyne Cool
A1 Melanie Koenigshoff
A1 Nirmal S. Sharma
A1 Oliver Eickelberg
YR 2021
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/02/17/2021.02.16.431278.abstract
AB Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) due to chronic rejection is the main reason for poor outcomes after lung transplantation (LTx). We and others have recently identified B cells as major contributors to BOS after LTx. The extent of B cell heterogeneity, however, as well as those B cell populations that determine chronic rejection of the lung, remain entirely unclear. Here, we provide a map of cell population heterogeneity and their gene expression patterns during chronic rejection after orthotopic LTx in mice. Out of a total of 14 major comprehensive cell clusters, corresponding to 11 known major cell subpopulations, Mzb1-expressing plasma cells (PCs) were the most prominently increased cell population in lungs with BOS. Scgb1a1-expressing bronchial epithelial cells were depleted, while Cd14-expressing monocytes and Pdgfra-expressing fibroblasts were enriched in BOS grafts. These findings were validated in two different cohorts of human BOS after LTx. MZB1-IgG-double positive PCs infiltrated the airways of patients with BOS, while they were absent from healthy lungs. IgG, but not IgA, IgD, IgE or IgM, were significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage from BOS patients, compared with LTx patients who did not develop BOS. Pseudotime and trajectory analysis revealed that a Bhlhe41, Cxcr3, Itgb1-triple positive-B cell subset, also expressing classical markers of the innate-like B-1 B cell population, served as the progenitor pool for Mzb1+ PCs. This progenitor B cell subset accounted for the increase in IgG2c expression and production in BOS lung grafts. Importantly, Aicda−/− mice, which lack all isotypes of Ig (except IgM) were protected from the onset of BOS after LTx. In summary, we provide a detailed atlas of cell population changes of chronic rejection after LTx. We have identified IgG-positive PCs and their progenitors – an innate B cell subpopulation characterized by a specific subset of markers - as the major source of local antibody production and a major contributor to both mouse and human BOS after LTx.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.