RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Fetal gut colonization: meconium does not have a detectable microbiota before birth
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2021.02.17.431710
DO 10.1101/2021.02.17.431710
A1 Katherine M. Kennedy
A1 Max J. Gerlach
A1 Thomas Adam
A1 Markus M. Heimesaat
A1 Laura Rossi
A1 Michael G. Surette
A1 Deborah M. Sloboda
A1 Thorsten Braun
YR 2021
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/02/18/2021.02.17.431710.abstract
AB Microbial colonization of the human intestine impacts host metabolism and immunity, however when colonization occurs is unclear. Although numerous studies have reported bacterial DNA in first-pass meconium samples, these samples are collected hours to days after birth. We investigated whether bacteria could be detected in meconium prior to birth. Fetal meconium (n = 20) was collected by rectal swab during elective breech Cesarean sections without labour prior to antibiotics and compared to technical and procedural controls (n = 5), first-pass meconium (neonatal meconium; n = 14), and infant stool (n = 25). Unlike first-pass meconium, no microbial signal distinct from negative controls was detected in fetal meconium by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, positive aerobic (n = 10 of 20) and anaerobic (n = 12 of 20) clinical cultures of fetal meconium (13 of 20 samples positive in at least one culture) were identified as likely skin contaminants, most frequently Staphylococcus epidermidis, and not detected by sequencing in most samples (same genera detected by culture and sequencing in 2 of 13 samples with positive culture). We conclude that fetal gut colonization does not occur before birth, and that microbial profiles of neonatal meconium reflect populations acquired during and after birth.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.