RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 MXtrodes: MXene-infused bioelectronic interfaces for multiscale electrophysiology and stimulation
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2021.03.01.433237
DO 10.1101/2021.03.01.433237
A1 Nicolette Driscoll
A1 Brian Erickson
A1 Brendan B. Murphy
A1 Andrew G. Richardson
A1 Gregory Robbins
A1 Nicholas V. Apollo
A1 Tyler Mathis
A1 Kanit Hantanasirisakul
A1 Puneet Bagga
A1 Sarah E. Gullbrand
A1 Matthew Sergison
A1 Ravinder Reddy
A1 John A. Wolf
A1 H. Isaac Chen
A1 Timothy H. Lucas
A1 Timothy Dillingham
A1 Kathryn A. Davis
A1 Yury Gogotsi
A1 John D. Medaglia
A1 Flavia Vitale
YR 2021
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/03/01/2021.03.01.433237.abstract
AB Soft bioelectronic interfaces for mapping and modulating excitable networks at high resolution and at large scale can enable paradigm-shifting diagnostics, monitoring, and treatment strategies. Yet, current technologies largely rely on materials and fabrication schemes that are expensive, do not scale, and critically limit the maximum attainable resolution and coverage. Solution processing is a cost-effective manufacturing alternative, but biocompatible conductive inks matching the performance of conventional metals are lacking. Here, we introduce MXtrodes, a novel class of soft, high-resolution, large-scale bioelectronic interfaces enabled by Ti3C2 MXene and scalable solution processing. We show that the electrochemical properties of MXtrodes exceed those of conventional materials, and do not require conductive gels when used in epidermal electronics. Furthermore, we validate MXtrodes in a number of applications ranging from mapping large scale neuromuscular networks in humans to delivering cortical microstimulation in small animal models. Finally, we demonstrate that MXtrodes are compatible with standard clinical neuroimaging modalities.Competing Interest StatementF.V., N.D., N.V.A., and Y.G. are co-inventors on patent applications PCT/US2018/051084 and PCT/US2020/055147 related to the MXtrode technology. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.