PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Shang Jui Tsai
AU  - Chenxu Guo
AU  - Alanna Sedgwick
AU  - Saravana Kanagavelu
AU  - Justin Nice
AU  - Sanjana Shetty
AU  - Connie Landaverde
AU  - Nadia A. Atai
AU  - Stephen J. Gould
TI  - Exosome-Mediated mRNA Delivery For SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination
AID  - 10.1101/2020.11.06.371419
DP  - 2021 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2020.11.06.371419
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/03/08/2020.11.06.371419.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/03/08/2020.11.06.371419.full
AB  - Expression-dependent, Spike-only vaccines have been developed, deployed, and shown to be effective in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. However, additional approaches to vaccine development may be needed to meet existing and future challenges posed by emerging Spike variant strains, as well as a likely need for different antigen-delivery systems that are safe and effective for regular, periodic re-administration. We report here the development of mRNA-loaded exosomes, demonstrate that they can mediate the functional expression of heterologous proteins in vitro and in vivo, and have fewer adverse effects than comparable doses of lipid nanoparticles. Furthermore, we applied this approach to the development of an exosome-based, multiplexed mRNA vaccine that drives expression of immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Spike proteins. This vaccine elicited long-lasting cellular and humoral responses to Nucleocapsid and to Spike, demonstrating that exosome-based mRNA formulations represent a previously unexplored platform in the fight against COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.Competing Interest StatementS.J.G is a paid consultant for Capricor, holds equity in Capricor, and is co-inventor of intellectual property licensed by Capricor. S.J.T. is co-inventor of intellectual property licensed by Capricor. C.G. is co-inventor of intellectual property licensed by Capricor. A.S., K.S, J.N., S.S., C.L., and N.A. are employees of Capricor.