PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Kyle D. Murray
AU  - Madalina E. Tivarus
AU  - Giovanni Schifitto
AU  - Md Nasir Uddin
AU  - Jianhui Zhong
TI  - Brain Iron Imaging Markers in the Presence of White Matter Hyperintensities
AID  - 10.1101/2021.03.22.436449
DP  - 2021 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2021.03.22.436449
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/03/22/2021.03.22.436449.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/03/22/2021.03.22.436449.full
AB  - Purpose To investigate the relationship between pathological brain iron deposition and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), via Monte Carlo simulations of magnetic susceptibility imaging and a novel imaging marker called the Expected Iron Coefficient (EIC).Methods A synthetic pathological model of a different number of impenetrable spheres at random locations was employed to represent pathological iron deposition. The diffusion process was simulated with a Monte Carlo method with adjustable parameters to manipulate sphere size, distribution, and extracellular properties. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was performed in a clinical dataset to study CSVD to derive and evaluate QSM, R2*, the iron microenvironment coefficient (IMC), and EIC in the presence of WMHs.Results The simulations show that QSM signals increase in the presence of increased tissue iron, confirming that the EIC increases with pathology. Clinical results demonstrate that while QSM, R2*, and the IMC do not show differences in brain iron, the EIC does in the context of CSVD.Conclusion The EIC is more sensitive to subtle changes in brain iron deposition caused by pathology, even when QSM, R2*, and the IMC do not.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.AbbreviationsCSVDcerebral small vessel diseaseDGMdeep gray matterEICexpected iron coefficientEIDexpected iron depositionHIVhuman immunodeficiency virusIMCiron microenvironment coefficientMRImagnetic resonance imagingQSMquantitative susceptibility mappingROIregion of interestWMHwhite matter hyperintensity.