TY - JOUR T1 - Limiting the priming dose of a SARS CoV-2 vaccine improves virus-specific immunity JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/2021.03.31.437931 SP - 2021.03.31.437931 AU - Sarah Sanchez AU - Nicole Palacio AU - Tanushree Dangi AU - Thomas Ciucci AU - Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster Y1 - 2021/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/04/01/2021.03.31.437931.abstract N2 - Since late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic that has infected 128 million people worldwide. Although several vaccine candidates have received emergency use authorization (EUA), there are still a limited number of vaccine doses available. To increase the number of vaccinated individuals, there are ongoing discussions about administering partial vaccine doses, but there is still a paucity of data on how vaccine fractionation affects vaccine-elicited immunity. We performed studies in mice to understand how the priming dose of a SARS CoV-2 vaccine affects long-term immunity to SARS CoV-2. We first primed C57BL/6 mice with an adenovirus-based vaccine encoding SARS CoV-2 spike protein (Ad5-SARS-2 spike), similar to that used in the CanSino and Sputnik V vaccines. This prime was administered either at a low dose (LD) of 106 PFU or at a standard dose (SD) of 109 PFU, followed by a SD boost in all mice four weeks later. As expected, the LD prime induced lower immune responses relative to the SD prime. However, the LD prime elicited immune responses that were qualitatively superior, and upon boosting, mice that were initially primed with a LD exhibited significantly more potent immune responses. Overall, these data demonstrate that limiting the priming dose of a SARS CoV-2 vaccine may confer unexpected benefits. These findings may be useful for improving vaccine availability and for rational vaccine design.Competing Interest StatementPablo Penaloza-MacMaster reports being a Task Force Advisor to the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) and the Governor on SARS CoV-2 vaccine approval and implementation in the state of Illinois.Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster is a member of the COVID-19 Vaccine Regulatory Science Consortium (CoVAXCEN) at Northwestern University. ER -