PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Pieter Huycke
AU  - Pieter Verbeke
AU  - C. Nico Boehler
AU  - Tom Verguts
TI  - Theta and alpha power across fast and slow timescales in cognitive control
AID  - 10.1101/2020.08.21.259341
DP  - 2021 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2020.08.21.259341
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/04/07/2020.08.21.259341.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/04/07/2020.08.21.259341.full
AB  - Theta and alpha frequency neural oscillations are important for learning and cognitive control, but their exact role has remained obscure. In particular, it is unknown whether they operate at similar timescales, and whether they support different cognitive processes. We recorded EEG in 30 healthy human participants while they performed a learning task containing both novel (block-unique) and repeating stimuli. We investigated behavior and electrophysiology at both fast (i.e., within blocks) and slow (i.e., between blocks) time scales. Behaviorally, both response time and accuracy improved (resp. decrease and increase) over both fast and slow timescales. However, on the spectral level, theta power significantly decreased along the slow timescale, whereas alpha power instead significantly increased along the fast timescale. We thus demonstrate that theta and alpha both play a role during learning, but operate at different timescales. This result poses important empirical constraints for theories on learning, cognitive control, and neural oscillations.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.