RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Genomic consequences of domestication of the Siamese fighting fish
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2021.04.29.442030
DO 10.1101/2021.04.29.442030
A1 Young Mi Kwon
A1 Nathan Vranken
A1 Carla Hoge
A1 Madison R Lichak
A1 Kerel X Francis
A1 Julia Camacho-Garcia
A1 Iliana Bista
A1 Jonathan Wood
A1 Shane McCarthy
A1 William Chow
A1 Heok Hui Tan
A1 Kerstin Howe
A1 Sepalika Bandara
A1 Johannes von Lintig
A1 Lukas Rüber
A1 Richard Durbin
A1 Hannes Svardal
A1 Andres Bendesky
YR 2021
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/04/30/2021.04.29.442030.abstract
AB Siamese fighting fish, commonly known as betta, are among the world’s most popular and morphologically diverse pet fish, but the genetic processes leading to their domestication and phenotypic diversification are largely unknown. We assembled de novo the genome of a wild Betta splendens and whole-genome sequenced multiple individuals across five species within the B. splendens species complex, including wild populations and domesticated ornamental betta. Given our estimate of the mutation rate from pedigrees, our analyses suggest that betta were domesticated at least 1,000 years ago, centuries earlier than previously thought. Ornamental betta individuals have variable contributions from other Betta species and have also introgressed into wild populations of those species. We identify dmrt1 as the main sex determination gene in ornamental betta but not in wild B. splendens, and find evidence for recent directional selection at the X-allele of the locus. Furthermore, we find genes with signatures of recent, strong selection that have large effects on color in specific parts of the body, or the shape of individual fins, and are almost all unlinked. Our results demonstrate how simple genetic architectures paired with anatomical modularity can lead to vast phenotypic diversity generated during animal domestication, and set the stage for using betta as a modern system for evolutionary genetics.One-Sentence Summary Genomic analyses reveal betta fish were domesticated more than 1,000 years ago and the genes that changed in the process.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.