RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Multi-animal pose estimation and tracking with DeepLabCut JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2021.04.30.442096 DO 10.1101/2021.04.30.442096 A1 Jessy Lauer A1 Mu Zhou A1 Shaokai Ye A1 William Menegas A1 Tanmay Nath A1 Mohammed Mostafizur Rahman A1 Valentina Di Santo A1 Daniel Soberanes A1 Guoping Feng A1 Venkatesh N. Murthy A1 George Lauder A1 Catherine Dulac A1 Mackenzie W. Mathis A1 Alexander Mathis YR 2021 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/04/30/2021.04.30.442096.abstract AB Estimating the pose of multiple animals is a challenging computer vision problem: frequent interactions cause occlusions and complicate the association of detected keypoints to the correct individuals, as well as having extremely similar looking animals that interact more closely than in typical multi-human scenarios. To take up this challenge, we build on DeepLabCut, a popular open source pose estimation toolbox, and provide high-performance animal assembly and tracking—features required for robust multi-animal scenarios. Furthermore, we integrate the ability to predict an animal’s identity directly to assist tracking (in case of occlusions). We illustrate the power of this framework with four datasets varying in complexity, which we release to serve as a benchmark for future algorithm development.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.