RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Shared functional connections within and between cortical networks predict individual cognitive abilities in adult males and females JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2021.02.17.431670 DO 10.1101/2021.02.17.431670 A1 Elvisha Dhamala A1 Keith W. Jamison A1 Abhishek Jaywant A1 Amy Kuceyeski YR 2021 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/05/06/2021.02.17.431670.abstract AB A thorough understanding of sex-independent and sex-specific neurobiological features that underlie cognitive abilities in healthy individuals is essential for the study of neurological illnesses in which males and females differentially experience and exhibit cognitive impairment. Here, we evaluate sex-independent and sex-specific relationships between functional connectivity and individual cognitive abilities in 392 healthy young adults (196 males) from the Human Connectome Project. First, we establish that sex-independent models comparably predict crystallised abilities in males and females, but more accurately predict fluid abilities in males. Second, we demonstrate sex-specific models comparably predict crystallised abilities within and between sexes, and generally fail to predict fluid abilities in either sex. Third, we reveal that largely overlapping connections between visual, dorsal attention, ventral attention, and temporal parietal networks are associated with better performance on crystallised and fluid cognitive tests in males and females, while connections within visual, somatomotor, and temporal parietal networks are associated with poorer performance. Together, our findings suggest that shared neurobiological features of the functional connectome underlie crystallised and fluid abilities across the sexes.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.