RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Revision of the genus Dichaetophora Duda (Diptera: Drosophilidae), part I: DNA bar-coding and molecular phylogenetic reconstruction JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2021.05.28.446102 DO 10.1101/2021.05.28.446102 A1 Takehiro K. Katoh A1 Ji-Min Chen A1 Jin-Hua Yang A1 Guang Zhang A1 Lu Wang A1 Awit Suwito A1 Masanori J. Toda A1 Ya-Ping Zhang A1 Jian-Jun Gao YR 2021 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/05/30/2021.05.28.446102.abstract AB The genus Dichaetophora Duda is of 69 formally described, Old World species assigned into five species groups, i.e., agbo, tenuicauda, acutissima, sinensis and trilobita. Most of these species were delimitated morphologically, with the within-genus relationship established largely via cladistic analyses of morphological characters. In the present study, we first conducted species-delimitation with aids of morphological data as well DNA barcodes (nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial COI, i.e., cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, gene), for a huge sample of Dichaetophora and allied taxa (genus Mulgravea and subgenus Dudaica of Drosophila) collected from a wide geographical range. Then, multiple-locus phylogenetic reconstruction was conducted based on elaborate taxon sampling from the known and newly recognized species in the above taxa, with the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. As a result, 189 species (186 of Dichaetophora, 2 of Mulgravea, and 1 for Dudaica) were newly recognized. In our ML and BI trees, several well-supported species clusters equivalent to the species groups agbo (excluding of neocirricauda), tenuicauda, sinensis (inclusive of neocirricauda) and trilobita of Dichaetophora, were recovered, with the sister-relationship between the third and fourth proved. Other well-supported clusters include 1) a clade comprising of Di. acutissima group and Dudaica, with the former proved to be paraphyletic to the latter; 2) genus Mulgravea; 3) a clade comprising exclusively of newly recognized Dichaetophora species, and was placed as sister to Mulgravea. Three of the remaining five representatives of Dichaetophora species form a solid cluster, leaving the positions of the last two unresolved. The present study greatly renewed out knowledge about the species diversity in a pan-Dichaetophora clade, providing us with an unprecedented historical framework for further taxonomy revision of this clade, and valuable baseline knowledge for future reconstruction of the history of its adaptive diversification in the particular microhabitats.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.