TY - JOUR T1 - Growth characteristics of pneumococcus vary with the chemical composition of the capsule and with environmental conditions JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/416040 SP - 416040 AU - Adrienn Tothpal AU - Katherine Desobry AU - Shreyas Joshi AU - Anne L. Wyllie AU - Daniel M. Weinberger Y1 - 2019/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/02/27/416040.abstract N2 - Background Pneumococcus, a bacterium that typically resides in the nasopharynx, is exposed to a variety of temperature and oxygen levels in the upper respiratory tract and as it invades the lung, tissues, and blood. The response to these variations likely varies by strain and could influence the fitness of a strain and its virulence. We sought to determine the effect of environmental variability on the growth characteristics of pneumococcus and to evaluate correlations between variability in growth characteristics between strains and biological and epidemiological characteristics.Methods We evaluated the effect of temperature and oxygen on the growth of 256 pneumococcal isolates representing 53 serotypes, recovered from healthy carriers and from disease patients. Strains were grown at a range of temperatures anaerobically or in ambient air with and without catalase and were monitored by reading the optical density. Regression models were used to evaluate bacterial and environmental factors associated with characteristics of the growth curves.Results Most isolates grew to the maximal density at the temperature of the nasopharynx (~33C) and under aerobic conditions (with catalase). Maximum density achieved was positively associated with the presence of N-acetylated sugars in the capsule and negatively associated with the presence of uronic acids. Reaching a greater density at an early time point was positively associated with the prevalence of serotypes among healthy carriers in the pre-vaccine period.Discussion Environmental variability affects the growth of pneumococcus, with notable differences between isolates and by serotype. Such variability could be influenced by characteristics of the capsule and might affect virulence and transmissibility. ER -