RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Utilizes Processing Bodies to Escape Translational Repression in Arabidopsis JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2021.06.09.447751 DO 10.1101/2021.06.09.447751 A1 Gesa Hoffmann A1 Amir Mahboubi A1 Damien Garcia A1 Johannes Hanson A1 Anders Hafrén YR 2021 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/06/10/2021.06.09.447751.abstract AB Viral infections impose extraordinary RNA stress on a cell, triggering cellular RNA surveillance pathways like RNA decapping, nonsense-mediated decay and RNA silencing. Viruses need to maneuver between these pathways to establish infection and succeed in producing high amounts of viral proteins. Processing bodies (PBs) are integral to RNA triage in eukaryotic cells with several distinct RNA quality control pathways converging for selective RNA regulation. In this study, we investigate the role of Arabidopsis thaliana PBs during Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) infection. We find that several PB components are co-opted into viral replication factories and support virus multiplication. This pro-viral role was not associated with RNA decay pathways but instead, we could establish PB components as essential helpers in viral RNA translation. While CaMV is normally resilient to RNA silencing, PB dysfunctions expose the virus to this pathway, similar to previous observations on transgenes. Transgenes, however, undergo RNA Quality Control dependent RNA degradation, whereas CaMV RNA remains stable but becomes translationally repressed through decreased ribosome association, revealing a unique dependence between PBs, RNA silencing and translational repression. Together, our study shows that PB components are co-opted by the virus to maintain efficient translation, a mechanism not associated with canonical PB functions.