RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Genome of the parasitoid wasp Dinocampus coccinellae reveals extensive duplications, accelerated evolution, and independent origins of thelytokous parthenogeny and solitary behavior JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2021.06.30.450623 DO 10.1101/2021.06.30.450623 A1 Arun Sethuraman A1 Alicia Tovar A1 Walker Welch A1 Ryan Dettmers A1 Camila Arce A1 Timothy Skaggs A1 Alexander Rothenberg A1 Roxane Saisho A1 Bryce Summerhays A1 Ryan Cartmill A1 Christy Grenier A1 Yumary Vasquez A1 Hannah Vansant A1 John Obrycki YR 2021 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/07/01/2021.06.30.450623.abstract AB Dinocampus coccinellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a generalist parasitoid wasp that parasitizes >50 species of predatory lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), with thelytokous parthenogeny as its primary mode of reproduction. Here we present the first high quality genome of D. coccinellae using a combination of short and long read sequencing technologies, followed by assembly and scaffolding of chromosomal segments using Chicago+ HiC technologies. We also present a first-pass ab initio genome annotation, and resolve timings of divergence and evolution of (1) solitary behavior vs eusociality, (2) arrhenotokous vs thelytokous parthenogenesis, and (3) rates of gene loss and gain among Hymenopteran lineages. Our study finds (1) at least two independent origins of eusociality and solitary behavior among Hymenoptera, (2) two independent origins of thelytokous parthenogenesis from ancestral arrhenotoky, and (3) accelerated rates of gene duplications, loss, and gain along the lineages leading to D. coccinellae. Our work both affirms the ancient divergence of Braconid wasps from ancestral Hymenopterans and accelerated rates of evolution in response to adaptations to novel hosts, including polyDNA viral co-evolution.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.