TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating Sample Similarities into Latent Class Analysis: A Tree-Structured Shrinkage Approach JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/2021.01.25.428033 SP - 2021.01.25.428033 AU - Mengbing Li AU - Daniel E. Park AU - Maliha Aziz AU - Cindy M. Liu AU - Lance B. Price AU - Zhenke Wu Y1 - 2021/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/08/02/2021.01.25.428033.abstract N2 - This paper is concerned with using multivariate binary observations to estimate the probabilities of unobserved classes with scientific meanings. We focus on the setting where additional information about sample similarities is available and represented by a rooted weighted tree. Every leaf in the given tree contains multiple samples. Shorter distances over the tree between the leaves indicate a priori higher similarity in class probability vectors. We propose a novel data integrative extension to classical latent class models (LCMs) with tree-structured shrinkage. The proposed approach enables 1) borrowing of information across leaves, 2) estimating data-driven leaf groups with distinct vectors of class probabilities, and 3) individual-level probabilistic class assignment given the observed multivariate binary measurements. We derive and implement a scalable posterior inference algorithm in a variational Bayes framework. Extensive simulations show more accurate estimation of class probabilities than alternatives that suboptimally use the additional sample similarity information. A zoonotic infectious disease application is used to illustrate the proposed approach. The paper concludes by a brief discussion on model limitations and extensions.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest. ER -