RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Chromosome-scale genome assembly of Eustoma grandiflorum, the first complete genome sequence in family Gentianaceae JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2021.09.09.459690 DO 10.1101/2021.09.09.459690 A1 Shirasawa, Kenta A1 Arimoto, Ryohei A1 Hirakawa, Hideki A1 Ishimorai, Motoyuki A1 Ghelfi, Andrea A1 Miyasaka, Masami A1 Endo, Makoto A1 Kawabata, Saneyuki A1 Isobe, Sachiko YR 2021 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/09/11/2021.09.09.459690.abstract AB Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn., is an annual herbaceous plant native to the southern United States, Mexico, and the Greater Antilles. It has a large flower with a variety of colors and an important flower crop. In this study, we established a chromosome-scale de novo assembly of E. grandiflorum by integrating four genomic and genetic approaches: (1) Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) Sequel deep sequencing, (2) error correction of the assembly by Illumina short reads, (3) scaffolding by chromatin conformation capture sequencing (Hi-C), and (4) genetic linkage maps derived from an F2 mapping population. The 36 pseudomolecules and unplaced 64 scaffolds were created with total length of 1,324.8 Mb. Full-length transcript sequencing was obtained by PacBio Iso-Seq sequencing for gene prediction on the assembled genome, Egra_v1. A total of 36,619 genes were predicted on the genome as high confidence HC) genes. Of the 36,619, 25,936 were annotated functions by ZenAnnotation. Genetic diversity analysis was also performed for nine commercial E. grandiflorum varieties bred in Japan, and 254,205 variants were identified. This is the first report of the construction of reference genome sequences in E. grandiflorum as well as in the family Gentianaceae.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.