RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Axial motion estimation and correction for simultaneous multi-plane two-photon calcium imaging JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2021.09.28.462125 DO 10.1101/2021.09.28.462125 A1 Andres Flores Valle A1 Johannes D. Seelig YR 2021 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/09/30/2021.09.28.462125.abstract AB Two-photon imaging in behaving animals is typically accompanied by brain motion. For functional imaging experiments, for example with genetically encoded calcium indicators, such brain motion induces changes in fluorescence intensity. These motion related intensity changes or motion artifacts cannot easily be separated from neural activity induced signals. While lateral motion within the focal plane can be corrected by computationally aligning images, axial motion, out of the focal plane, cannot easily be corrected.Here, we develop an algorithm for axial motion correction for non-ratiometric calcium indicators taking advantage of simultaneous multi-plane imaging. Using at least two simultaneously recorded focal planes, the algorithm separates motion related and neural activity induced changes in fluorescence intensity. The developed motion correction approach allows axial motion estimation and correction at high frame rates for isolated structures in the imaging volume in vivo, such as sparse expression patterns in the fruit fly brain.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.