PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Yukari Sahoyama AU - Fumiaki Hamazato AU - Manabu Shiozawa AU - Tohru Nakagawa AU - Wataru Suda AU - Yusuke Ogata AU - Tsuyoshi Hachiya AU - Eiryo Kawakami AU - Masahira Hattori TI - Multiple nutritional and gut microbial factors associated with allergic rhinitis: the Hitachi Health Study AID - 10.1101/2021.10.11.463208 DP - 2021 Jan 01 TA - bioRxiv PG - 2021.10.11.463208 4099 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/10/11/2021.10.11.463208.short 4100 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/10/11/2021.10.11.463208.full AB - Several studies suggest the involvement of dietary habits and gut microbiome in allergic diseases. However, little is known about the nutritional and gut microbial factors associated with the risk of allergic rhinitis (AR). We recruited 186 apparently healthy workers with symptoms of AR and 106 controls at the Hitachi Health Care Center, Japan. The habitual consumption of 42 selected nutrients were examined using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Faecal samples were collected and subjected to amplicon sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene hypervariable regions. Association analysis revealed that four nutrients (retinol, vitamin A, cryptoxanthin, and copper) were negatively associated with AR. Among 40 genera examined, relative abundance of Prevotella and Escherichia were associated with AR. Furthermore, significant statistical interactions were observed between retinol and Prevotella. The age- and sex-adjusted odds of AR were 25-fold lower in subjects with high retinol intake and high Prevotella abundance compared to subjects with low retinol intake and low Prevotella abundance. Our data provide insights into complex interplay between dietary nutrients, gut microbiome, and the development of AR.Competing Interest StatementY.S. and M.S. are employees of Hitachi High-Tech Co. F.H. is an employee of Hitachi Ltd. T.H. is a board member of Genome Analytics Japan Inc. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.