RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Stable modulation of neuronal oscillations produced through brain-machine equilibrium
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2021.10.14.464387
DO 10.1101/2021.10.14.464387
A1 Colin G. McNamara
A1 Max Rothwell
A1 Andrew Sharott
YR 2021
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/10/15/2021.10.14.464387.abstract
AB Brain stimulation is predominantly delivered independent of ongoing activity, whereas closed-loop systems can modify activity through interaction. They have the unrealised potential to continuously bind external stimulation to specific dynamics of a neural circuit. Such manipulations are particularly suited to rhythmic activities, where neuronal activity is organised in oscillatory cycles. Here, we developed a fast algorithm that responds on a cycle-by-cycle basis to stimulate basal ganglia nuclei at predetermined phases of successive cortical beta cycles in parkinsonian rats. Using this approach, we demonstrate a stable brain-machine interaction. An equilibrium emerged between the modified brain signal and feedback-dependent stimulation pattern, which led to sustained amplification or suppression of the oscillation. Sustained beta amplification slowed movement speed by altering the mode of locomotion. Integrating an external stimulus with network activity in this way could be used to correct maladaptive activities and to define the role of oscillations in fundamental brain functions.Competing Interest StatementCGM and AS are inventors on a pending patent application related to the subject matter of this paper.