RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 De novo motor learning of a bimanual control task over multiple days of practice JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2021.10.21.465196 DO 10.1101/2021.10.21.465196 A1 Adrian M. Haith A1 Christopher Yang A1 Jina Pakpoor A1 Kahori Kita YR 2021 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/10/22/2021.10.21.465196.abstract AB Although much research on motor learning has focused on how we adapt our movements to maintain performance in the face of imposed perturbations, in many cases we must learn new skills from scratch, or de novo. In comparison to adaptation, relatively little is known about de novo learning. In part, this is because learning a new skill can involve many challenges, including learning to recognize new patterns of sensory input and generate new patterns of motor output. However, even with familiar sensory cues and well-practiced movements, the problem of quickly selecting the appropriate actions in response to the current state is challenging. Here, we devised a bimanual hand-to-cursor mapping which isolates this control problem. We find that participants’ initially struggled to control the cursor under this bimanual mapping, despite explicit knowledge of the mapping. Performance improved steadily over multiple days of practice, however. Participants exhibited no aftereffects when reverting to a veridical cursor, confirming that participant’s learned the new task de novo, rather than through adaptation. Corrective responses to mid-movement perturbations of the target were initially weak, but, with practice participants gradually became able to respond rapidly and robustly to these perturbations. After four days of practice, participants’ behavior under the bimanual mapping almost matched performance with a veridically mapped cursor. However, there remained a small but persistent difference in performance level. Our findings illustrate the dynamics and limitations of learning a novel controller and introduce a promising paradigm for tractably investigating this aspect of motor skill learning.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.