RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Updated range metrics and a global population estimate for the Critically Endangered Philippine Eagle using a spatial ensemble habitat model
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2021.11.29.470363
DO 10.1101/2021.11.29.470363
A1 Luke J. Sutton
A1 Jayson C. Ibañez
A1 Dennis I. Salvador
A1 Rowell L. Taraya
A1 Guiller S. Opiso
A1 Tristan P. Senarillos
A1 Christopher J.W. McClure
YR 2021
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/11/30/2021.11.29.470363.abstract
AB Many range-restricted taxa are currently experiencing severe population declines yet lack fundamental biological information regarding distribution and population size. Establishing baseline estimates for both these key biological parameters is however critical for directing long-term monitoring and conservation planning for at-risk range-restricted species. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List uses three spatial range metrics that define species distributions and inform extinction risk assessments: extent of occurrence (EOO), area of occupancy (AOO) and area of habitat (AOH). However, calculating all three metrics using standard IUCN approaches relies on a geographically representative sample of locations, which for rare species is often spatially biased. Here, we apply model-based interpolation using an ensemble Species Distribution Model (SDM), correlating occurrences with remote-sensing derived environmental covariates, to calculate IUCN range metrics and a global population estimate for the Critically Endangered Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi). Our ensemble-averaged SDM had high predictive accuracy and was able to identify key areas of Philippine Eagle habitat across the species global range. We estimated an AOH = 49,426 km2 and from this metric calculated a maximum EOO = 609,697 km2 and a minimum EOO = 273,794 km2, with an AOO = 54,695 occupied cells. Based on inferred habitat from the AOH metric and territorial habitat area from home range estimates, we provide an updated global population estimate of 677 breeding pairs (range: 549-772 pairs), or 1354 mature individuals, across the entire Philippine Eagle range. We demonstrate that even when occurrence sampling is geographically biased, robust habitat models can be built which enable quantification of IUCN range metrics and a baseline population size estimate. In the absence of adequate location data for many rare and threatened taxa, our method is a promising spatial modelling tool with widespread applications, in particular for island endemics facing high extinction risk.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.