RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Transient dopamine neuron activity precedes and encodes the vigor of contralateral movements JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2021.04.20.440527 DO 10.1101/2021.04.20.440527 A1 Mendonça, Marcelo D A1 da Silva, Joaquim Alves A1 Hernandez, Ledia F. A1 Castela, Ivan A1 Obeso, José A1 Costa, Rui M YR 2021 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/12/02/2021.04.20.440527.abstract AB Dopamine neurons (DANs) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) have been related to movement vigor, and loss of these neurons leads to bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease. However, it remains unclear whether DANs encode a general motivation signal or modulate movement kinematics. We imaged activity of SNc DANs in mice trained in a novel operant task which relies on individual forelimb sequences. We uncovered that a similar proportion of SNc DANs increased their activity before ipsi- vs. contralateral sequences. However, the magnitude of this activity was higher for contralateral actions, and was related to contralateral but not ipsilateral sequence length. In contrast, the activity of reward-related DANs, largely distinct from those modulated by movement, was not lateralized. Finally, unilateral dopamine depletion impaired contralateral, but not ipsilateral, sequence length. These results indicate that movement-initiation DANs encode more than a general motivation signal, and invigorate kinematic aspects of contralateral movements.Teaser Transient activity in substantia nigra compacta dopamine neurons encodes contralateral, but not ipsilateral action vigor.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.