PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Prasad, Anadika R.
AU  - Bostock, Matthew P.
AU  - Lago-Baldaia, Inês
AU  - Housseini, Zaynab
AU  - Fernandes, Vilaiwan M.
TI  - Differentiation signals from glia are fine-tuned to set neuronal numbers during development
AID  - 10.1101/2021.12.13.472383
DP  - 2021 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2021.12.13.472383
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/12/14/2021.12.13.472383.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/12/14/2021.12.13.472383.full
AB  - Precise neuronal numbers are required for circuit formation and function. Known strategies to control neuronal numbers involve regulating either cell proliferation or survival. In the developing Drosophila visual system photoreceptors from the eye-disc induce their target field, the lamina, one column at a time. Although each column initially contains ∼6 precursors, only 5 differentiate into neurons of unique identities (L1-L5); the ‘extra’ precursor undergoes apoptosis. We uncovered that Hedgehog signalling patterns columns, such that the 2 precursors experiencing the lowest signalling activity are specified as L5s; only one differentiates while the other ‘extra’ precursor dies. We showed that a glial population called the outer chiasm giant glia (xgO), which reside below the lamina, relays differentiation signals from photoreceptors to induce L5 differentiation. The precursors nearest to xgO differentiate into L5s and antagonise inductive signalling to prevent the ‘extra’ precursors from differentiating, resulting in their death. Thus, tissue architecture and feedback from young neurons fine-tune differentiation signals from glia to limit the number of neurons induced.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.