RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Clades of huge phage from across Earth’s ecosystems
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 572362
DO 10.1101/572362
A1 Al-Shayeb, Basem
A1 Sachdeva, Rohan
A1 Chen, Lin-Xing
A1 Ward, Fred
A1 Munk, Patrick
A1 Devoto, Audra
A1 Castelle, Cindy J.
A1 Olm, Matthew R.
A1 Bouma-Gregson, Keith
A1 Amano, Yuki
A1 He, Christine
A1 Méheust, Raphaël
A1 Brooks, Brandon
A1 Thomas, Alex
A1 Lavy, Adi
A1 Matheus-Carnevali, Paula
A1 Sun, Christine
A1 Goltsman, Daniela S. A.
A1 Borton, Mikayla A.
A1 Nelson, Tara C.
A1 Kantor, Rose
A1 Jaffe, Alexander L.
A1 Keren, Ray
A1 Farag, Ibrahim F.
A1 Lei, Shufei
A1 Finstad, Kari
A1 Amundson, Ronald
A1 Anantharaman, Karthik
A1 Zhou, Jinglie
A1 Probst, Alexander J.
A1 Power, Mary E.
A1 Tringe, Susannah G.
A1 Li, Wen-Jun
A1 Wrighton, Kelly
A1 Harrison, Sue
A1 Morowitz, Michael
A1 Relman, David A.
A1 Doudna, Jennifer A
A1 Lehours, Anne-Catherine
A1 Warren, Lesley
A1 Cate, Jamie H. D.
A1 Santini, Joanne M.
A1 Banfield, Jillian F.
YR 2019
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/03/11/572362.abstract
AB Phage typically have small genomes and depend on their bacterial hosts for replication. DNA sequenced from many diverse ecosystems revealed hundreds of huge phage genomes, between 200 kbp and 716 kbp in length. Thirty-four genomes were manually curated to completion, including the largest phage genomes yet reported. Expanded genetic repertoires include diverse and new CRISPR-Cas systems, tRNAs, tRNA synthetases, tRNA modification enzymes, translation initiation and elongation factors, and ribosomal proteins. Phage CRISPR-Cas systems have the capacity to silence host transcription factors and translational genes, potentially as part of a larger interaction network that intercepts translation to redirect biosynthesis to phage-encoded functions. In addition, some phage may repurpose bacterial CRISPR-Cas systems to eliminate competing phage. We phylogenetically define major clades of huge phage from human and other animal microbiomes, oceans, lakes, sediments, soils and the built environment. We conclude that their large gene inventories reflect a conserved biological strategy, observed over a broad bacterial host range and across Earth’s ecosystems.