PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Enea Maffei
AU  - Marco Burkolter
AU  - Yannik Heyer
AU  - Adrian Egli
AU  - Urs Jenal
AU  - Alexander Harms
TI  - Phage Paride hijacks bacterial stress responses to kill dormant, antibiotic-tolerant cells
AID  - 10.1101/2022.01.26.477855
DP  - 2022 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2022.01.26.477855
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2022/01/26/2022.01.26.477855.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2022/01/26/2022.01.26.477855.full
AB  - Bacteriophages are fierce viral predators with no regard for pathogenicity or antibiotic resistance of their bacterial hosts1,2. Despite early recognition of their therapeutic potential and the current escalation of bacterial multidrug resistance, phages have so far failed to become a regular treatment option in clinical practice3-5. One reason is the occasional discrepancy between poor performance of selected phages in vivo despite high potency in vitro3,4,6,7. Similar resilience of supposedly drug-sensitive bacterial infections to antibiotic treatment has been linked to persistence of dormant cells inside patients8,9. Given the abundance of non-growing bacteria also in the environment10,11, we wondered whether some phages can infect and kill these antibiotic-tolerant cells. As shown previously12-16, most phages failed to replicate on dormant hosts and instead entered a state of hibernation or pseudolysogeny. However, we isolated a new Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage named Paride with the exciting ability to directly kill dormant, antibiotic-tolerant hosts by lytic replication, causing sterilization of deep-dormant cultures in synergy with the β-lactam meropenem. Intriguingly, efficient replication of Paride on dormant hosts depends on the same bacterial stress responses that also drive antibiotic tolerance. We therefore suggest that Paride hijacks weak spots in the dormant physiology of antibiotic-tolerant bacteria that could be exploited as Achilles’ heels for the development of new treatments targeting resilient bacterial infections.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.