PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Julia Kreiner
AU  - Sergio M. Latorre
AU  - Hernán A. Burbano
AU  - John R. Stinchcombe
AU  - Sarah P. Otto
AU  - Detlef Weigel
AU  - Stephen I. Wright
TI  - Rapid adaptation and range expansion in response to agriculture over the last two centuries
AID  - 10.1101/2022.02.25.482047
DP  - 2022 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2022.02.25.482047
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2022/03/01/2022.02.25.482047.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2022/03/01/2022.02.25.482047.full
AB  - North America has seen a massive increase in cropland use since 1800, accompanied more recently by the intensification of agricultural practices. Through genome analysis of present-day and historical samples spanning environments over the last two centuries, we studied the impact of these changes in farming on the extent and tempo of evolution in the native common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus), a now pervasive agricultural weed. Modern agriculture has imposed strengths of selection rarely observed in the wild (0.027-0.10), with striking shifts in allele frequency trajectories since agricultural intensification in the 1960s. An evolutionary response to this extreme selection was facilitated by a concurrent human-mediated range shift. By reshaping genome-wide diversity and variation for fitness, agriculture has driven the success of this 21st-century weed.One Sentence Summary Modern agriculture has dramatically shaped the evolution of a native plant into an agricultural weed through imposing strengths of selection rarely observed in the wild.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.