PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - M. Girard AU - D. Hu AU - N. Pradervand AU - S. Neuenschwander AU - G. Bee TI - Chestnut extract but not sodium salicylate decrease the severity of diarrhea and enterotoxigenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> F4 shedding in artificially infected piglets AID - 10.1101/575662 DP - 2019 Jan 01 TA - bioRxiv PG - 575662 4099 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/03/12/575662.short 4100 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/03/12/575662.full AB - The development of alternatives to antibiotics is crucial to limiting the incidence of antimicrobial resistance, especially in prophylactic and metaphylactic use to control post-weaning diarrhea (PWD). Feed additives, including bioactive compounds, could be a promising alternative. This study aimed to test two bioactive compounds, sodium salicylate (SA) and a chestnut extract (CE) containing hydrolysable tannins, on the occurrence of PWD. At weaning, 72 piglets were assigned to four treatments that combined two factors: CE supplementation (with 2% of CE (CE+) or without (CE-)) and SA supplementation (with 35 mg/kg BW of SA (SA+) or without (SA-)). Then, 4 days after weaning, all piglets were infected with a suspension at 108 CFU/ml of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC F4ac). Each piglet had free access to an electrolyte solution containing, or not, SA. This SA supplementation was administered for 5 days (i.e., from the day of infection (day 0) to 4 days post-infection (day 4). During the 2 weeks post-infection, supplementation with SA had no effect (P &gt; 0.05) on growth performances nor on fecal scores. A significant SA × time interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for fecal scores and the percentage of diarrhea indicated that piglets with SA did not recover faster and did have a second episode of diarrhea. In contrast to SA treatment, inclusion of CE increased (P &lt; 0.05) growth performances and feed intake. In the first week post-infection, CE decreased (P &lt; 0.001) the overall fecal scores, the percentage of piglets with diarrhea, the days in diarrhea, and ETEC shedding in the feces. There was a SA×CE interaction (P &lt; 0.05) for ETEC shedding, suggesting a negative effect of combining SA with CE. This study highlighted that, in contrast to SA, CE could represent a promising alternative to antibiotics immediately after weaning for improving growth performance and reducing PWD.