RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Visual Perception of 3D Space and Shape in Time - Part III 2D Shape Recognition by Log-Scaling
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2022.03.01.482004
DO 10.1101/2022.03.01.482004
A1 Brian Ta
A1 Maria E. M. M. Silva
A1 Kelly Bartlett
A1 Umaima Afifa
A1 Annie Agazaryan
A1 Ricardo Canela
A1 Javier Carmona
A1 Emmanuel John L. De Leon
A1 Alyssa Drost
A1 Diego Espino
A1 Guadalupe Espinoza
A1 Kyleigh Follis
A1 Paul Gan
A1 Lauren Ho
A1 Christina Honoré
A1 Emily Huang
A1 Luis Ibarra
A1 Tessa Jackson
A1 Mira Khosla
A1 Caominh Le
A1 Victor Li
A1 Trevor McCarthy
A1 Elizabeth Mills
A1 Sukanya Mohapatra
A1 Yuuki Morishige
A1 Nancy Nguyen
A1 Ziyan Peng
A1 Kimya Peyvan
A1 Michael Phipps
A1 Isabella Poschl
A1 Jagannathan Rangarajan
A1 Charÿsa Santos
A1 Leonard Schummer
A1 Sky Shi
A1 Natalie Smale
A1 April Smith
A1 Divya Sood
A1 Cindy Ta
A1 Anna Tran
A1 Michelle Tran
A1 Rui Wang
A1 Patrick Wilson
A1 Nicole L. Yang
A1 Megan Yu
A1 Selena Yu
A1 Aaron P. Blaisdell
A1 Katsushi Arisaka
YR 2022
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2022/03/04/2022.03.01.482004.abstract
AB Human vision has a remarkable ability to recognize complex 3D objects such as faces that appear with any size and 3D orientations at any 3D location. If we initially memorize a face only with a normalized size and viewed from directly head on, the direct comparison between the one-sized memory and a new incoming image would demand tremendous mental frame translations in 7D. How can we perform such a demanding task so promptly and reliably as we experience the objects in the world around us?Intriguingly, our primary visual cortex exhibits a 2D retinotopy with a log-polar coordinate system, where scaling up/down of shape is converted to linear frame translation. As a result, mental scaling can be performed by linearly translating the memory or the perceptual image until they overlap with each other. According to our new model of NHT (Neural Holography Tomography), alpha brainwaves traveling at a constant speed can conduct this linear translation. With this scheme, every scaling up/down by a factor of two should take the same amount of extra mental time to recognize a smaller/larger face.To test this hypothesis, we designed a reaction time (RT) experiment, where participants were first asked to memorize sets of unfamiliar faces with a given specific size (4° or 8°). Following the memorization phase, similar stimuli with a wide range of sizes (from 1° to 32°) were presented, and RTs were recorded. As predicted, the increase in RT was proportional to the scaling factor in the log scale. Furthermore, we observed that RTs were fastest for 8° faces even if the memorized face was 4°. This supports our hypothesis that we always memorize faces at the exact size of ~8 °. To our surprise, the increases in RT were also consistent with the mentally-estimated depth sensation, which indicates that the apparent size of the recognized face can create a proper depth sensation.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.